What type of clothing is worn in the operating room and why is it so important?

I. Fundamental Requirements of Surgical Attire

Surgical attire is not ordinary clothing; it is a critical component in the infection prevention chain. Its rigorous use must meet high standards of professionalism and functionality.

Barrier Properties: It is essential that the clothing be fluid-resistant, antimicrobial, and antistatic to maintain the asepsis of the surgical field.

Contamination Containment: The primary objective is to limit the spread of microorganisms emanating from the staff's body (skin, hair) to the patient.

Comfort and Ergonomics: Comfort is vital. Clothing must allow freedom of movement so that the surgeon and team can perform complex procedures without physical restrictions.

II. Color and Choice in Surgical Attire

The colors of surgical clothing are chosen for their functional and psychological effect:

Green or Blue: These are the predominant colors. They were chosen because they reduce eye strain for the team by contrasting with the red of blood and tissues, helping to maintain concentration during prolonged surgeries.

White or Dark Colors (Gray, Navy Blue): Although white evokes cleanliness, it is less commonly used in the primary operating area. Dark colors can be used in the basic uniform of personnel working in instrumentation or support areas, conveying professionalism and seriousness.

Simple Designs: Some modern environments introduce very simple patterns or designs to lighten the atmosphere, as long as they do not compromise the standards of sterility and asepsis.

III. Functional Design of Surgical Clothing

The design of surgical clothing is geared towards maximum efficiency and protection:

Anti-fluid function: Sterile gowns must have high impermeability to prevent the penetration of blood and other body fluids, protecting both the patient and the user.

Flexibility and Ergonomics: The cut should be wide and made with fabrics that allow stretching, guaranteeing freedom of movement for long-lasting postures (standing or leaning).

Multiple Pockets (on the base uniform): The scrub (top and pants) generally includes pockets for quick access to essential tools (pens, clamps, scissors) without having to leave the immediate work area.

IV. Cleaning and Maintenance of Surgical Uniforms

The longevity and safety of surgical clothing depend on its maintenance:

Ease of Cleaning: The textile material must be easily washable and resistant to frequent and aggressive disinfection cycles without deteriorating its barrier properties or color.

Regular Replacement: Clothing should be replaced immediately if it becomes wet or stained, and reusable garments should be sterilized and packaged periodically to prevent bacterial growth.

Specialized Fabrics: Choosing antibacterial and wrinkle-resistant fabrics helps maintain cleanliness and hygiene, non-negotiable aspects in an aseptic environment.

Surgical attire is much more than a dress code. It is an essential biosafety barrier that directly influences the success of the procedure. Ensuring that this attire meets hygiene, safety, and ergonomic standards is fundamental to optimizing the efficiency of the medical team and, above all, to guaranteeing a safe and professional treatment environment for the patient.